Introduction to the ether: - Its normal formula (R-O-R ') occurs with oxygen, two accessories or different alkina groups are associated, then it is called Ether.
Eg: the common alkaline same groupCH3-O-CH3 (dye methyl ether)
Eg: the common alkaline same group
CH3-O-C2H5 (ethyl-methyl ether)
Naming ether:(chemistryloves1)
In its nomenclature, the common name remains ethereal, but in the IUPAC(International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry)
If the number of Alkenes is high it is not oxy, it is only used for the small number of the Alkyl group.
CH3-O-CH2-CH3 (Methoxy-ethane)
C2H5-O-C2H5 (Ethoxy-ethane)
C2H5-O-CH2-CH2-CH3 (Ethoxy Propane)
CH3-CH2-O-C6H5 (phenotype)
C6H5-O-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3 (1-phenoxy heptane)
Methods of making either:chemistryloves1
When the action of ethyl alcohol (C2H5-OH) is done at a temperature of 130 ° C with concentration H2SO4. Then the dye becomes ethyl ether.
C2H5-OH + H2.SOH4 (100 ° C) ----> C2H5.HSO4 (Ethyl Hydrogen Sulfate) + H2O
C2H5.HSO4 + C2H5.OH (130 ° C) ---> C2H5-O-C2H5 + H2SO4
Methodology:
This action occurs from the SN-2 mechanism.
chemistryloves1
Drawbacks:
Summit ether can be made by this method, not asymmetric ether, because asymmetric ether, along with other ether also forms so that they are not easily dissociated.
On taking 20 or 30 alcohols in the above action, the main substance is Allen, not Ether.
Because deletion reactions are easily accessible (30 due to more stability of Carbocation) than 30% reaction replacement in Alcohol.
William Sun Synthesis:
The best method for making ether is Williamson ether synthesis, named after English chemist Alexander Williamson, who had prepared this method in the 19th century. in this
When the action of sodium alcohol is done with an alkyl halide, then it becomes ether.
R-O.Na + X-R '→ Na.X + R-O-R'
Note: Symmetric and asymmetric ether can be made by this method.
C2H5-ONa + X-C2H5 → Na.X + 2C2H5O
C2H5-ONa + X-CH3 → Na.X + C2H5-O-CH3
Note: Anisole is constructed as follows.
C6H5-O-Na + X-CH3 → C6H5-O-CH3 + Na.X
CH3-O.Na + X-C6H5 → CH3-O-C6H5 + Na.X
The second action is not possible, because of the Halo-benzene resonance due to the C-X, the bilateral comes, which makes the bond stronger.
Note: On the action of tertiary halide with sodium ethoxy, the main substance is alkane.
Explanation:
There is also a strong alkali along with the oxide ion nuclei affectionate. Which exits the proton out of 30 carbocations, in which the main substance is made of an alkane.
physical properties :
Dye methyl and dieth in are in the gaseous state, whereas more carbon ether fluid is in the state.
Hydrogen bonds are formed with low carbon ether water and hence dissolve in water.
Ether has the C-O-C bond angle 11107 'minute, which is more than the tetrahedron angle of 109028'm because the ether has two intermediate repulsions in the alkaline group.
Due to resonance in anisole, the bond length of the C-O bond is low.
chemical properties :(chemistryloves1)
Due to oxygen atoms, they make the ammonium salts.
Because of the presence of alkali origin, there is halogenic and hydroxylation.
Action from H-X:
Alcohol and Alkaline Halide are formed on the action of ether from H-X.
R-O-R + HX → R-OH + RX
C2H5-O-C2H5 + HI → C2H5-OH + C2H5-I
Note: On the action of asymmetric ether from H-X, the helium atom connects to the alkyl group which contains less carbon.
C2H5-O-CH3 + HI → C2H5-OH + CH3-I
Note: Final is made when the benzene ring is connected with oxygen in the ether.
C6H5-O-CH3 + HI → C6H5-OH + CH3-I
CH3-O-C6H5 + HI → No reactions.
The second action is not possible because in the C6H5-O bondage, due to the resonance, duality is present, which makes the bond stronger.
Note: 30 halides are formed if the third alkaline group is connected to oxygen in the ether.
Use of either:
(1) Mixing it with chloroform and alcohol, it is used as anesthesia.
(2) In the form of resin, fat, oil and gum, etc.
Refrigerant. A mixture of ether dry ice (solid CO2) - produces less heat than 110 ° C.
(3) Ether is the best solvent for polar molecules.
chemistryloves1
No comments:
Post a Comment